Show the Working

glTF to 3MF

Your model never leaves your browser, and nothing is downloaded to make this work. A mesh is a list of points and a list of triangles; reading one and writing the other is arithmetic your browser can already do.

…or drop one anywhere on this page.

Into the modern printing format — which, unlike every other format here, records what its numbers mean.

A .gltf is JSON, readable in a text editor, with its numbers either inline or in .bin files beside it. Only the self-contained kind can be read here, because a browser is handed one file and the others are not in it — and it says so plainly rather than producing an empty model.

3MF records units, and your file does not

3MF is the only format on this site that stores what its numbers mean, which is most of the reason 3D printing moved to it. But glTF does not record units at all, so there is nothing to carry across and nothing that can be deduced from the numbers themselves. A cube ten units wide is ten millimetres or ten inches and the file does not say which.

Millimetres are written, because that is the format's own default and what almost everything means. That is an assumption, not a reading. Getting it wrong is what makes a model come out twenty-five times its intended size, or a twenty-fifth of it: if your object was drawn in inches and something reads it as millimetres, it prints far too small, and the other way round it prints far too large. The choice above sets what goes into the file, so set it to what your numbers actually mean.

A glTF is a scene, not a mesh

The numbers are each part's own coordinates. Where that part actually sits is recorded separately, on the node pointing at it — as a matrix, or as a translation, a rotation and a scale. Nodes nest, so a wheel's position is its own transform times its axle's times the car's.

A reader that ignores all that produces a perfectly valid mesh, with exactly the right number of triangles and vertices, in which every part of the model is stacked at the origin. Nothing about the file looks wrong. There is a second catch as well: a .gltf may keep its numbers in .bin files beside it, and a browser is handed one file. When that happens this page says so and names the missing file, rather than handing you an empty model.

Both of these store a corner once

Both formats keep a list of points and refer to them by number, so a corner where six triangles meet is stored once and pointed at six times. That is what an STL cannot do, and it is why these conversions do not change the size of a file very much.

Duplicate corners are still welded on the way through, in case the model passed through an STL earlier in its life — but only bit-for-bit identical ones. Welding within a tolerance, which most tools do, quietly fuses surfaces somebody meant to keep apart. The number actually welded is reported above.

What does not come across

Colours, print settings and the arrangement of the plate. What is written is one object with its geometry and its unit. Supports, infill, per-object settings and the rest of what a slicer puts in a 3MF are not here, because they were not in the file you started with.

Whether it is watertight is reported above, because that is what a slicer is about to ask: a closed solid has every edge shared by exactly two triangles, and one that does not leaves the slicer guessing what is inside. This is measured after welding — straight off an STL no two triangles share a corner by index, so every model on earth would look full of holes. Nothing here repairs a mesh; it tells you, and repairing is a different job.

Nothing is rotated. glTF is Y-up by its specification, COLLADA records an up axis of its own, and STL, OBJ and PLY say nothing at all — in practice arriving Z-up from CAD tools. What a file declares is reported rather than acted on, because a silent rotation is far worse than a model you can turn yourself. If your object arrives lying on its side, that is why, and it is one rotation in whatever opens it next.

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